A Propensity Score Matching Study of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and New Drug Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy, survival, and prognosis of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with new drug chemotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in the new drug era.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 149 patients with NDMM treated with new drug induction regimen in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-four patients who received ASCT were in ASCT group, and 125 patients who did not receive ASCT were in non-ASCT group. The median follow-up time was 43 (1-90) months. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to balance confounding factors, then depth of response, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups were compared and subgroup analysis was performed.@*RESULTS@#After matching, the covariates were balanced between the two groups. Fifty-one patients (15 cases in ASCT group and 36 cases in non-ASCT group) were included. ASCT patients had a better complete response (CR) rate than non-ASCT patients receiving maintenance therapy (93.3% vs 42.3%, P=0.004), while there were no statistical differences in deep response rate and overall response rate (ORR) between the two groups (93.3% vs 65.4%, P=0.103; 93.3% vs 96.2%, P=1.000). Before matching, the 3 and 5-year PFS rate and median PFS (mPFS) in ASCT group and non-ASCT group were [89.6% vs 66.5%, P=0.024; 69.8% vs 42.7%; non-response (NR) vs 51.0 months], and the 3 and 5-year OS rate and median OS (mOS) were (100% vs 70.6%, P=0.002; 92.3% vs 49.6%; NR vs 54.0 months). After matching, the 3 and 5-year PFS rate and mPFS in ASCT group and non-ASCT group were (83.6% vs 61.7%, P=0.182; 62.7% vs 45.7%; NR vs 51.0 months), the 3 and 5-year OS rate and mOS were (100% vs 65.6%, P=0.018; 88.9% vs 46.9%; NR vs 51.0 months). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with mSMART 3.0 high risk stratification, the 3-year PFS rate and mPFS in ASCT group and non-ASCT group were (83.3% vs 41.5%, P=0.091; NR vs 34.0 months), and the 3-year OS rate and mOS were (100% vs 41.5%, P=0.034; NR vs 34.0 months). Patients with mSMART 3.0 standard risk stratification, the 3-year PFS rate and OS rate in ASCT group and non-ASCT group were (83.3% vs 76.8%, P=0.672; 100% vs 87.2%, P=0.155). The 3-year PFS and OS rate in MM patients who achieved deep response within 3 months after transplantation compared with non-ASCT patients who achieved deep response after receiving maintenance therapy were (83.1% vs 56.7%, P=0.323; 100% vs 60.5%, P=0.042), and the 3-year PFS and OS rate in patients who achieved overall response in both groups were (83.1% vs 62.5%, P=0.433; 100% vs 68.1%, P=0.082). After matching, Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that mSMART 3.0 risk stratification and ASCT were independent prognostic factors for OS.@*CONCLUSION@#In the new drug era, ASCT can increase CR rate and prolong OS of NDMM patients. ASCT patients who are mSMART 3.0 high risk stratification or achieved deep response within 3 months after transplantation have better OS than non-ASCT patients receiving new drug chemotherapy. ASCT and mSMART 3.0 risk stratification are independent prognostic factors for OS in NDMM patients.

Association between time of birth and resuscitation outcomes in extremely preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study whether there are differences in the resuscitation process and early outcomes between the extremely preterm infants delivered on off-hours (6 pm to 8 am of working days, weekends, and national holidays) and those delivered on working hours.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of extremely preterm infants who were born in the Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). According to the time of birth, they were divided into two groups:working hours (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the working hours group, the off-hours group had a significantly lower proportion of infants with the use of full-dose dexamethasone before delivery (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Extremely preterm infants delivered on off-hours tend to have a low Apgar score at 1 minute after birth, with a higher proportion of infants requiring positive pressure ventilation or tracheal intubation during resuscitation than those delivered on working hours, and they tend to develop neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and intrauterine pneumonia. This suggests that it is important to make adequate preparations in terms of personnel and supplies for resuscitation of extremely preterm infants after birth and that NICUs should develop a detailed management plan for extremely preterm infants at each period of time before, during, and after birth.

Mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in treatment of myocardial infarction based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国中药杂志

To explore the action mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in treating myocardial infarction based on network pharmaco-logy and molecular docking. Active components and corresponding targets of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction were obtained through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP), and related targets of myocardial infarction were obtained through GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. Then the intersection targets were obtained by integrating the drug targets and disease targets. The "active component-target" network was constructed by Cytoscape software, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was drawn using STRING platform. Protein cluster analysis was carried out using MCODE. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out using DAVID database and ClueGO, and molecular docking was carried out using Autodock Vina and Pymol. Finally, 226 active components of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction were obtained, 257 corresponding targets, 1 340 targets of myocardial infarction, and 109 drug and disease intersection targets were obtained. From GO enrichment analysis, 208 biological process terms, 38 molecular function terms, and 33 cellular component terms were obtained. From KEGG pathway analysis, NF-κB signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and other related pathways were obtained. The molecular docking results showed that the main active components(quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, luteolin, stigmasterol and baicalein) of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the treatment of myocardial infarction had good binding properties with the core proteins IL6, ALB, VEGFA, TNF, MAPK3 and CASP3. The results suggested that Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction may play a role in the treatment of myocardial infarction by reducing the inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis.

Metabolomics in the Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine Rats Intervened by Flunarizine / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of flunarizine in the nitroglycerin-induced migraine model rats by metabonomics. METHODS: The nitroglycerin-induced migraine rat model was used and the brain samples and serum samples were obtained at 30, 60, and 90 min after model establishment or drug administration. After the isolation of TCC sites was performed,GC-TOF-MS was used to analyze the metabolic status of rat serum and TCC sites in different groups. RESULTS: The metabolic status of the model group and the flunarizine group differed from that of the control group at the same time point.The metabolic state that compared with the model group or the flunarizine group at different time points changes continuously with time. Compared with those in the model group, L-asparagine, 5-methoxytryptamine, α-lactose, ribitol, arachidonic acid, and glycerol in the serum samples and the phosphoglycolic acid, erythrose, inosine, glyceric acid, and D-glucose in the TCC samples were changed in the flunarizine group, indicating that the energy metabolism pathways and amino acid metabolic pathways were involved in the mechanism of flunarizine intervening migraine. CONCLUSION: Flunarizine may improve metabolic disorders in nitroglycerin-induced migraine model rats by affecting energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism.

Potential hepatic and renal toxicity induced by the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba / 中国天然药物

Evidence continues to grow on potential health risks associated with Ginkgo biloba and its constituents. While biflavonoid is a subclass of the flavonoid family in Ginkgo biloba with a plenty of pharmacological properties, the potential toxicological effects of biflavonoids remains largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicological effects of the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba (i.e., amentoflavone, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, and bilobetin). In the in vitro cytotoxicity test, the five biflavonoids all reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and human normal hepatocytes (L-02), indicating they might have potential liver and kidney toxicity. In the in vivo experiments, after intragastrical administration of these biflavonoids at 20 mg·kg·d for 7 days, serum biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were performed. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased after all the biflavonoid administrations and widespread hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in ginkgetin or bilobetin-treated mice. Moreover, the five biflavonoids all induced acute kidney injury in treated mice and the main pathological lesions were confirmed to the tubule, glomeruli, and interstitium injuries. As the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that these biflavonoids may be more toxic to the kidney than the liver, we further detected the mechanism of biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity. The increased TUNEL-positive cells were detected in kidney tissues of biflavonoids-treated mice, accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptotic protein BAX and unchanged levels of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2, indicating apoptosis was involved in biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggested that the five biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba may have potential hepatic and renal toxicity and more attentions should be paid to ensure Ginkgo biloba preparations safety.

Effects of active components extracted from Dachuanxiong Decoction on the expressions of CGRP and its receptors in rats with migraine / 中成药

AIM To study the effects of active components extracted from Dachuanxiong Decoction (DCXD,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Gastrodiae Rhizoma) on the expressions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptors in hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of rats with migraine.METHODS Seventy-two rats were evenly assigned to six groups at random,normal group,model group,positive drug group,groups of highdose,middle-dose and low-dose DCXD.Each group was then divided into Subgroup A and Subgroup B.The migraine rat model was established by subcutaneous nitroglycerin injection.The expressions of CGRP in Subgroup B's rat hypothalamus and PAG were observed by immunohistochemical staining,while the levels of CGRP in rat plasma,hypothalamus and PAG in Subgroup A were detected by ELISA.All the gene expressions of CGRP and its receptors (CRLR,RCP,RAMP1) in Subgroup A's rat hypothalamus and PAG were assessed by real-time PCR.RESULTS There was a more significant CGRP level increase in plasma,hypothalamus and PAG in the model group than that in the normal group (P ＜ 0.01).The modelled rats found their up-regulated expressions of CGRP and RCP in hypothalamus (P ＜ 0.05),up-regulated expressions of CGRP and CRLR in PAG,and down-regulated expression of RCP (P ＜ 0.05).All low-dose,middle-dose,high-dose active components worked in decreasing the CGRP levels in plasma,hypothalamus and PAG.The middle-dose led to down-regulation of CGRP,RCP expressions in hypothalamus (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01),down-regulation of CGRP,CRLR expressions in PAG (P ＜0.05),and up-regulation of RCP expression in PAG (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION The mechanism of active components extracted from DCXD in migraine management may associate with its capability in down-regulating CGRP expressions in hypothalamus and PAG,reducing CGRP synthesis and inhibiting neurogenic inflammation.

Prediction of Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Major Compounds from Flowers of Trollius Chinensis Based on Molecular Docking Technology / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To predict the antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of major compounds from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, namely, vitexin, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin, veratric acid, and trolline, by using the molecular docking technique. Methods Discovery Studio 2.5 software and Chinese Medicine Chemistry Database were employed for docking between the ligands including 6 compounds and the proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and neuraminidase (NA). The docking results and interactions of their functional domains were obtained by simulation analysis. Results Vitexin, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin, veratric acid, and trolline were applied to one or more TLR, whereas 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin could interact with neither of the proteins investigated. Flavonoids, namely vitexin, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin and 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin were applied to NA, whereas veratric acid and trolline could not interact with NA. Conclusion Five out of the 6 compounds have influence on the signaling pathways mediated by TLRs, and TLR3, 4, and 7 are their potential targets for antivirus and anti-inflammation. Four flavonoids can affect the activity of influenza virus by interacting with NA. This study can provide a basis for the investigation of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effective compounds of the flowers of Trollius chinensis and the further development.

Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor α in inflammation-associated diseases mediated by innate immune cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Hypoxia is a common pathophysiological state especially in the processing inflammatory tissues cells due to hypoxia partial pressure caused by excessive oxygen consumption or insufficient oxygen supply. Hypoxia inducible factor(HIF) that regulates the transcription of downstream target genes in order to cope with the hypoxia environments is induced by various mechanisms in hypoxic state. Studies have demonstrated that HIF-α plays essential roles in the inflammatory response. This paper reviews the recent research that the roles and mechanisms of HIF-α in inflammation-associated diseases mediated by innate immune cells.

Role of dendritic cells in psoriasis formation / 中国免疫学杂志

Psoriasis is a common,chronic autoimmune/inflammatory disease directed by abnormal activation of skin immune system.It is characterized by erythematous plaques and slivery scales in the patients'lesional sites.Dendritic cells,macrophages,gamma delta T cells and group 3 innate lymphocytes are great contributors to the progress of the disease,as they are the main source of proin-flammatory cytokines like TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IFN-α,IL-23 and IL-17.Particularly,as the initiator of the inflammation,DCs are indispensable of the progress.There are different subpopulations of dendritic cells in the skin,in this review,we are trying to elaborate their unique location and function based on the published articles.

A Study on Methylation Status of Imprinted Gene H19 and PEG1 in Different Quality of Sperms and Embryos / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective By comparing the methylation status of imprinted gene H19 in three different quality spermatozoa and the methylation status of the embryos after the combination of spermatozoa, the sperm methylation status in the ART technique was preliminarily explored with the postnatal embryo methylation.Methods In this study, a total of 91 spermatozoa and 91 low－quality embryos were collected from IVF－ET in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. Among them, sperm samples were divided into three groups according to the sperm concentration parameter in the WHO fourth edition,then the relationship between different quality spermatozoa and postnatal embryo methylation were analyzed.Results The abnormality rate of H19 methylation status in group B was significantly higher than that of the sperm group and the embryo group.Conclusions The abnormalities of H19 methylation mainly concentrated in the abnormal parameters of spermatozoa,suggesting that the abnormal state was related to the decrease of sperm quality;Through IVF, ICSI fertilized embryos have the same proportion of the corresponding abnormal state with no significant difference; Abnormal sperm embryos did not show abnormality, which may be related to the self－repair function of the embryo itself.

Contrast Researches of Liver Biopsy and Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Fatty Liver / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the significance of liver biopsy and B ultrasonograpgy in the diagnosis of fatty liver. Methods The results of 62 patients with liver steatosis diagnosed by liver puncture biopsy but not by B-ultrasonograpgy were contrastively analyzed and combined with liver function, blood lipids, blood glucose, and body mass index. Results The 62 cases which were not diagnosed as fatty liver by B-ultrasonograpgy were proved to be 5％-33％liver steatosis after liver puncture biopsy. Among the 62 cases, 23 cases were indicated by the B-ultrasonograpgy that the liver parenchyma echo did not see abnormalities, 18 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo slightly was enlarged, 17 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo density was a bit enhanced and 4 cases were diffuse liver damage,which respectively were 37.01％、29.03％、27.42％and 6.45％. Pathologically it indicated that 45 cases were 5％≤liver steatosis≤19％. Among the 45 cases, 18 cases were indicated by the B-ultrasonograpgy that the liver parenchyma echo was not seen abnormalities, 8 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo slightly was enlarged, 17 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo density was a bit enhanced, and 2 cases were diffuse liver damage, and the change of ultrasound was mainly showed by the liver parenchyma echo not seen abnormalities and the enhanced liver parenchyma echo density. Pathologically it indicated that 17 cases were 20％≤liver steatosis≤33％, 6 cases were indicated by the B-ultrasonograpgy that the liver parenchyma echo did not see abnormalities, 5 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo slightly was enlarged, 5 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo density was a bit enhanced, and 1 case was diffuse liver damage, and the change of ultrasound was mainly showed by the liver parenchyma echo not seen abnormalities, the slightly enlarged liver parenchyma echo and the enhanced liver parenchyma echo density. By analyzing the influence to the ultrasound changes by patients' liver function, body mass index, blood fat and blood sugar, and with logistic regression analysis through a disorderly classification, it was found that the larger value of the glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, body mass index, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the higher possibility of diffuse liver damage, and the higher level of fatty degeneration, the higher possibility of diffuse liver damage. Conclusion In the diagnosis of fatty liver, when the fatty degeneration is below 1/3, B-ultrasonic examination can't show characteristic changes of fatty liver. It should be closely observed or take liver puncture biopsy to make a definite diagnosis of fatty liver.

Preparation and characterization of timolol maleate cubic nanoparticles for ocular administration / 药学学报

Timolol maleate cubic nanoparticles (TM-LCNPs) were prepared via fragmentation of a bulk GMO/poloxamer 407 cubic phase gel by high-pressure homogenization. The optimal prescription was selected based on particle size and entrapment efficiency by orthogonal design method. Malvern particle sizer, polarized light microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the cubic nanoparticles. Commercial eye drops were used as a control for the release and corneal permeation experiment in vitro. Fluorescence imaging was used to observe the retention of Rhodamine B cubic nanoparticles (RhB-LCNPs) in rabbit cornea. The results indicated that the optimal prescription and preparation of TM-LCNPs was oil-water ratio (7:3), homogenous pressure (900 bar), the number of homogenizations (6) and drug loading (1%). Corneal permeability of TM-LCNPs was significantly higher than that of commercially available eye drops. The residence time in eyes was longer which suggested a sustained release behavior. The pathology result of rabbit corneal after multiple administration of TM-LCNPs showed that there was no apparent damage.

Effect of triptolide on the expression and function of P-gp in nasopharyngeal cancer cells / 药学学报

This study is designed to investigate the effect of triptolide on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in HNE1 nasopharyngeal cancer cells. MTT assay was used to test cell viability. Intracellular doxorubicin content was evaluated with flow cytometry. Rhodamine 123 (Rh) was used to detect the excretion function of P-gp. The expression of P-gp was analyzed by Western blot. ATP levels were evaluated. JC-1 staining was used to determining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Triptolide, doxorubicin and the combination treatment all had the inhibitory effect to HNE1 cells, and the combination treatment had the best effect. Triptolide increased intracellular concentration of doxorubicin and Rh (P P P < 0.05). JC-1 staining showed that triptolide mediated the down-regulation of MMP in HNE1 cells. Triptolide could increase intracellular drug content and enhance cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics by inhibition of the expression and the excretion function of P-gp.

Persistent hypertension for two months in a preterm infant / 中国当代儿科杂志

A boy aged 2 months (born at 36 weeks of gestation) was admitted due to cough and dyspnea. After admission, he was found to have persistent hypertension, proteinuria, and persistent convulsion, and imaging examination showed extensive calcification of the aorta and major branches and stenosis of local lumens of the abdominal aorta and the right renal artery with increased blood flow velocity. The boy was admitted during the neonatal period due to wet lung and pulmonary arterial hypertension and was found to have hypertension and proteinuria. High-throughput whole-exome sequencing was performed and found two compound heterozygous mutations in the ENPP1 gene from his parents, c.130C>T (p.Q44X) and c.1112A>T (p.Y371F). c.130C>T was a nonsense mutation, which could cause partial deletion of protein from 44 amino acids, and was defined as a primary pathogenic mutation. c.1112A>T was a missense mutation which had been reported as a pathogenic mutation associated with idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC). Therefore, he was diagnosed with IIAC. He was given phosphonate drugs, antihypertensive drugs, anticonvulsion treatment, and respiratory support. Blood pressure was maintained at the upper limit of normal value. There was no deterioration of arterial calcification. It is concluded that IIAC should be considered for infants with persistent hypertension and extensive vascular calcification, and imaging and genetic examinations should be performed as early as possible to make a confirmed diagnosis.

Application of home care mobile app in discharged patients with permanent enterostomy in Jiangsu Province / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore effects of application of home care mobile app for management of discharged patients with permanent enterostomy.Methods The home care mobile app was designed and developed.Totally 100 patients with permanent enterostomy from 15 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province were provided with mobile home care intervention,and effects of the app were evaluated.Results Six months after discharge,the DET score of patients who used the app was 0.47±1.55 and was lower than those who did not use the app 1.16±3.01.Meanwhile 83％ of the patients could complete stoma self-care through the platform without going to the hospital,and 98.0％ of the patients were satisfied with the home care service platform.Conclusion The home care mobile app can improve skin problem around the stoma,and ensure the continuity of nursing after discharge.

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry for Serum Metabolomics Analysis of Bladder Cancer / 分析化学

Bladder cancer ( BC) is a fatal malignancy with considerable mortality, and can cause a serious threat to human health. The successful treatment of bladder cancer relies mainly on early detection. Biomarkers are vital to early diagnosis of bladder cancer, and metabonomics play an important role in biomarkers finding. In this study, we used 69 polar metabolites to select the appropriate separation system and develop the zwitterionic hydrophilic chromatography/mass spectrometry ( ZIC-HILIC/MS ) method. In this method, 50 representative compounds had broad linear ranges between 2-6 orders of magnitude. Moreover the limit of detection of the method was below ng/mL levels. The analysis for six serum samples prepared in parallel showed that this method had good reproducibility, and the RSDs of more than 85% metabolites were less than 30%. Based on this method, it was found that 35 metabolites had significant differences in BC group and healthy control. After screening and validation, the combination of chenodeoxycholic acid, eicosenoic acid, GPC, dodecenoic acid and cystine was a potential biomarker to distinguish BC and normal group. These results indicated that the ZIC-HILIC/MS method could detect diverse metabolites for metabolomic analysis purpose with good reproducibility and stability.

Inhibitory effect of SAMHD1 on production of HBV DNA / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the expression levels of SAMHD1 in different liver cancer cells and the inhibition of HBV DNA production by SAMHD1. Methods:SAMHD1 mRNA and protein levels in Jurkat,THP-1,HepG2,HepG2. 2. 15 and Huh7 were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. SAMHD1 expression in HepG2. 2. 15 was increased by transfecting SAMHD1 over ex-pression vectors or was inhibited by transfecting SAMHD1 specific shRNA, and then HBV DNA levels were detected. The effect of different dNTP concentration on HBV DNA production was detected also. Results:SAMHD1 were highly expressed in liver cancer cells. Decreased SAMHD1 expression could enhance HBV DNA production by 2. 3-2. 8 times,and increased SAMHD1 expression could inhibit HBV DNA levels by 3 times(P<0. 01). Increased dNTP concentration could enhance HBV DNA production and counteract the inhibitory effect of SAMHD1. Conclusion:SAMHD1 can inhibit the production of HBV DNA in liver cancer cells by decreasing dNTP concentration.

Optimize dropping process of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills by using design space approach / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, a design space approach was applied to optimize the dropping process of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills. Firstly, potential critical process parameters and potential process critical quality attributes were determined through literature research and pre-experiments. Secondly, experiments were carried out according to Box-Behnken design. Then the critical process parameters and critical quality attributes were determined based on the experimental results. Thirdly, second-order polynomial models were used to describe the quantitative relationships between critical process parameters and critical quality attributes. Finally, a probability-based design space was calculated and verified. The verification results showed that efficient production of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills can be guaranteed by operating within the design space parameters. The recommended operation ranges for the critical dropping process parameters of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills were as follows: dropping distance of 5.5-6.7 cm, and dropping speed of 59-60 drops per minute, providing a reference for industrial production of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills.

Clinical Significance of Corrected Serum Calcium in 320 Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical significance of corrected serum calcium(CSCa) in patients with multiple myeloma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum calcium levels of 320 patients with initial multiple myeloma were measured and corrected by serum albumin and its levels measured simultaneously. The differences of serum calcium levels were analyzed before and after the correction by serum albumin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant difference between serum calcium and CSCa in MM patients (2.34±0.15 vs 2.6±0.17 mmol/L). The constituent ratio of patients with hypercalcemia was from 11.3% to 23.1% after correction, the MM patients with hypocalcemia was decreased from 42.8% to 7.8% after correction, and the patients with normal calcium level were increased. There was a significant difference between serum calcium level and CSCa in I, II, III stages of MM patients respectively(P<0.05). In the 320 patients, the incidence of anemia was 80%, renal failure was 20.9%, and myeloma bone disease was 68.8%. Calcium concentration in both anemia and renal insufficiency was higher than the normal group, and the difference was more significant after correction. In 220 cases of MM receiving chemotherapy, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 15 months, and overall survival(OS) time was 20 months. The PFS and OS time of the patients with hypercalcemia were shortened, and the difference was very significant after correction(P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Corrected serum calcium can more sensitively to reflect the diseases serious extent, thus indicating prognosis has better effect.</p>

Inhibitory effect of SAMHD1 on production of HBV DNA / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the expression levels of SAMHD1 in different liver cancer cells and the inhibition of HBV DNA production by SAMHD1. Methods:SAMHD1 mRNA and protein levels in Jurkat,THP-1,HepG2,HepG2. 2. 15 and Huh7 were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. SAMHD1 expression in HepG2. 2. 15 was increased by transfecting SAMHD1 over ex-pression vectors or was inhibited by transfecting SAMHD1 specific shRNA, and then HBV DNA levels were detected. The effect of different dNTP concentration on HBV DNA production was detected also. Results:SAMHD1 were highly expressed in liver cancer cells. Decreased SAMHD1 expression could enhance HBV DNA production by 2. 3-2. 8 times,and increased SAMHD1 expression could inhibit HBV DNA levels by 3 times(P<0. 01). Increased dNTP concentration could enhance HBV DNA production and counteract the inhibitory effect of SAMHD1. Conclusion:SAMHD1 can inhibit the production of HBV DNA in liver cancer cells by decreasing dNTP concentration.